Smith and Welliver Educational Services PO Box 10068 State College, PA 16805-0068 Phone: 814-226-4790 ksmith@penn.com Kathleen A. Smith , a former elementary school teacher, is a Professor of Education at Clarion University of Pennsylvania. She received her PhD in Instructional Systems from the Pennsylvania State University where she conducted research in the area of Science Process Assessments. Paul W. Welliver , Emeritus Professor of Education at the Pennsylvania State University, received his PhD in Science Education from Penn State. He has been involved in the teaching of process oriented science at all levels from Kindergarten to Graduate School.